The research material can be accessed through sage publication and through university of malaya library. Three aerated concrete mixes were prepared, namely, concrete containing 100% ordinary portland cement control sample or. Pofa is produced annually in large amounts in some countries, such as malaysia, thailand and indonesia. In thailand alone, approximately 100,000 ton of palm oil fuel ash are produced annually. The carol burnett show official recommended for you. Palm oil fuel ash pofa, a waste material obtained from burning of palm oil husk and palm kernel shell as fuel in palm oil mill boilers, which has been identified as a good pozzolanic material. Palm oil is produced from the fruit pulp of the oil palm tree elaeis guineensis. The extensive use of concrete for constructional purposes leads to release of carbon dioxide co2 gas into the atmosphere which. The fiber and shell generated by the mill alone can supply more than enough electricity to meet the energy demand of a palm oil.
Utilization of palm oil fuel ash pofa which is an abundantly generated waste by malaysian palm oil industry in producing a new construction material is seen as one of the ways to reduce the quantity of this byproduct disposed at landfill. Palm oil fuel ash obtained from palm oil mill was treated via screening, grinding and heating to improve its pozzolanic reactivity. Palm oil fuel ash pofa is a byproduct waste material from palm oil with many economic and environmental benefits. Effect of palm oil fuel ash as partial cement replacement on. Warid hussin department of structure and materials, universiti teknologi malaysia johor bahru, malaysia abstract the use of pozzolans, either naturally occurring or artificially made, has been in practice since the early. Pofa is by product from power electricity generation plants that used palm oil shells and palm oil bunches as burn materials. Stabilization of clayey soil using ultrafine palm oil fuel. Concrete containing palm oil fuel ash pofa and oil palm. Using different percentages of pofa leads to a nonlinear variation among the characteristics of concrete. Palm oil fuel ash pofa is a byproduct procured from the palm oil mill through the incineration of empty fruit bunches, mesocarp fibers, and shells so as to produce electricity. Production of ultrafine sized palm oil fuel ash pofa. The cantabro durability test is usually used for open graded asphalt mixtures and has seen little use with dense graded mixtures.
Palm oil fuel ash pofa in both costeffective and environmentally friendly ways has potential applications in soft soil stabilization. Paper open access effect of unground palm oil fuel ash as. Meanwhile boiler ash is the biomass known as mesocarp fiber and shell that consists of clinkers and ash that has been burnt in the. These by products are commonly used as fuel in the boiler of palm oil mills and become ash. The application of palm oil fuel ash pofa and fly ash fa as an aluminosiliceous precursor to create a viable geopolymer binder for the manufacture of unfired lightweight masonry units, using soft soil ss as aggregate, was studied in this research. The research focuses on the development of geopolymer composite mortar using sustainable materials such as fly ash fa and palm oil fuel ash pofa as binders. The weight loss, crack, color and compressive strength of concrete containing palm oil fuel ash pofa as cement replacement after exposed to elevated temperature and air cooling method were investigated. Partial replacement of cement has definitely been taking much limelight off late. Use of waste ash from palm oil industry in concrete.
Thus, this research project presents the effect of palm oil fuel ash pofa on the mechanical properties of. Use of alkaliactivated palm oil fuel ash reinforced by. This tree is native to the area of west africa near the gulf of guinea, which is where its scientific name comes from. Monounsaturated oleic acid is also a major constituent of palm oil. Durability of high performance concrete containing palm oil fuel ash palm oil fuel ash concrete a. The practical use of palm oil fuel ash as a filler in. The ash, popularly known as palm oil fuel ash or pofa is a waste material the disposal of which poses. Palm oil fuel ash which contains siliceous compositions produces a stronger and denser concrete.
Teo department of civil engineering, faculty of engineering, universiti malaysia sarawak, 94300 kota samarahan, sarawak, malaysia date received. Hdax 5200 low ash gas engine oil gas engine oil continued typical key properties service considerations the sulfated ash, alkalinity reserve and phosphorus content of gas engine oils can be properly matched to the needs of individual applications, taking account of engine design, operating conditions, fuel type and quality, with particular. Much research has taken place on the use of ashes of organicagricultural wastes. Influences of grinding of palm oil fuel ash with different. Characterization of ash made from oil palm empty fruit bunches oefb. The present investigation looks into the effect of palm oil fuel ash content as partial cement replacement to compressive strength and acid resistance of oil palm shell lightweight aggregate concrete. Secondgeneration hydrocarbon fuels from oil palm byproducts. Utilization of palm oil fuel ash and eggshell powder as. This study is about the effect of cooling method on the performance of lightweight concrete that contain palm oil fuel ash exposed to elevated temperature. Palm oil in chennai, tamil nadu get latest price from. Characterization of palm oil fuel ash as cementitious. Predicting the significant characteristics of concrete. A lack of enough information on the advantages of pofa in the concrete. After the extraction of the oil from the fresh palm fruit, both husk and shell are burnt in palm oil mill plants at a temperature of 8000c as boiler fuel to produce steam needed for electricity generation and palm oil extraction 3, 4.
This paper presents durability data from the cantabro test for palm oil fuel ash pofa modified dense graded asphaltic concrete ac 14. This waste is reused by the same industry as fuel in boilers for the production of steam to generate electricity and run internal operations, leaving behind 5% ash 9, 10 known as palm oil fuel ash pofa. Johnsonalengaram, andmohdzaminjumaat department of civil engineering, faculty of engineering, university of malaya, kuala lumpur, malaysia. Jul 27, 2016 by using this palm oil fuel ash as replacement for cement many things can be achieved like reduction in cost of concrete as the utilisation of cement is replaced with palm oil fuel ash, environmental damage can be minimised as the freely disposed palm oil fuel ash is being used in manufacturing concrete also the durability, appearance and. Hence, this paper presents the potential of utilizing an agricultural waste. Oct 20, 20 traditionally fly ash fa has been used to replace cement as binder in the geopolymer concrete.
The liquid alkaline activator, l used was a mixture of sodium silicate solution na 2 sio 3 and sodium hydroxide solution naoh. Characterization of heavy oil fly ash generated from a power. Read use of palm oil fuel ash as a supplementary cementitious material for producing highstrength concrete, construction and building materials on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Palm oil fuel ash pofa, resilient modulus, mineral filler 1. Three aerated concrete mixes were prepared, namely, concrete containing 100% ordinary portland cement control sample or type i, binary concrete made from 50% pofa type ii, and ternary concrete containing 30% pofa and 20% pfa type iii. What is the scope of using palm oil fuel ash in concrete as a. Strength activity index and microstructural characteristics. This paper presents the strength and microstructural properties of a geopolymer stabilised soft soil ss using palm oil fuel ash pofa as a precursor. Investigation on properties of concrete with palm oil fuel. Mechanical properties of the resulting ecc mixtures were assessed using the compression, flexural and uniaxial tensile tests. The main crops such as oil palm, rubber and cocoa have dominated in this sector for export. Type i ordinary portland cement opc was replaced by pofa at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% by.
Strength and microstructure of palm oil fuel ashfly ash. In this investigation, three ashes were collected from. Palm oil fuel ash as potential green microfiller in. Uncontrolled dumping of palm oil fuel ash pofa not only occupies valuable land but also creates environmental pollution and health hazard. Effect of oil palm fiber fuel ash on compressive strength. Generally, palm oil mills in malaysia use fiber and shell wastes as fuel source in boiler to produce steam and electricity for palm oil and kernel oil production processes. These byproducts are commonly used as fuel in the boiler of palm oil mills and become ash. Palm oil fuel ash pofa is an important cashcrop in tropical countries, especially in malaysia and indonesia 82. The twelfth east asiapacific conference on structural engineering and construction effect of palm oil fuel ash in controlling heat of hydration of concrete a. This article presents the effect of palm oil fuel ash as a supplementary cementitious material on chloride penetration and microstructure of blended cement paste. Both oil palm shell ops and palm oil fuel ash pofa collected from a palm oil mill factory located in felda lepar hilir in the state of pahang, malaysia used as coarse aggregate and partial cement replacement respectively. Water to cementitious materials cement and palm oil fuel ash ratio of concrete containing palm oil fuel ash was adjusted to maintain the slump of fresh concrete as that of the ct1 concrete 50100 mm. Ii growth and production of oil palm willy verheye encyclopedia of life support systemseolss of trees appearing to be oil palms as early as 1434. Palm oil industry currently has been seen as an important role in malaysias economy.
Ci4 oil contains more ash than the recommended cj4 oil. This study investigates the effectiveness of agro waste ash byproduct palm oil fuel ash pofa as an alternative material to replace portland cement opc. How to make homemade palm oil extraction techniques for. Standard test method for ash from petroleum products. Researchers are interested in properties of palm oil fuel ash from. Warid hussin faculty of civil engineering, universiti teknologi malaysia, johor, malaysia abstract pozzolanic materials, either naturally occurring or artificially made. Million tonnes of palm oil fuel ash pof a is being generated every year without any profitable return. Astm c 15005 2005, river sand, oil palm shell, palm oil fuel ash, potable water, and superplasticizer. In this study, pofa was utilized as a pozzolan in concrete. Research article binary effect of fly ash and palm oil. Concrete containing palm oil fuel ash pofa and oil palm shell ops subjected to elevated temperatures l. Synthesis and characterisation of silica from palm oil.
There are two types of palm ash waste which are palm oil fuel ash pofa and boiler ash. Experiments were carried out by supplementing cem i cement by weight in concrete mixes with pofa at 2. The pofa was a byproduct from a palm oil factory, while fa was a byproduct from a coal. It means total base number a measure of oils remaining acid control properties. Palm oil fuel ash as a cement replacement in concrete. Pofa was considerably used as a cementitous supplement in various types of concrete, bricks, blocks, mortar, and grout due to its pozzolanic content. The ash, popularly known as palm oil fuel ash or pofa is a waste material the disposal of which poses enormous environmental pollution. Predicting the significant characteristics of concrete containing palm oil fuel ash hamed golizadeh. Cdm feasibility study for palm oil mill effluent pome treatment cobenefits project tokyo electric power environmental engineering co. Development of selfconsolidating high strength concrete. Palm oil fuel ash pofa was used to produce engineered cementitious composite ecc in this research where ecc mixtures containing different volume of pofa up to 55% by weight of cement, were prepared. One of the latest additions to the ash family is palm oil fuel ash, a waste material obtained on burning of palm oil husk and palm kernel shell as fuel in palm oil mill boilers, which has been identified as a good pozzolanic material.
Palm oil fuel ash as supplementary cementitious material. In thailand, the landfilling of palm oil fuel ash is a problem for power plants because palm oil fuel ash is not used in any work. Stabilization of clayey soil using ultrafine palm oil fuel ash pofa and cement. Effect of palm oil fuel ash pofa on strength properties.
Advances in materials science and engineering hindawi. Palm oil fuel ash pofa is used as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete. Aug 17, 2014 these byproducts are commonly used as fuel in the boiler of palm oil mills and become ash. Hussain examine the influence of palm oil fuel ash in reducing heat of hydration of cement of concrete. Pofa is identified as a material that shows good potential to be used as filler in asphalt mixture. Feasibility study on manufacturing the flocculent material with use of incineration ash from biomass boilers the quantitative analysis of incineration ash from biomass boilers was carried out in order to. Growth and production of oil palm encyclopedia of life.
Ci4 oil has an initial tbn of between 11 and 12, while cj4 oil has an initial tbn of between 8 and 9. Researchers have investigated whether the material is suitable for the production of sustainable concrete. Oct 24, 20 palm oil fuel ash pofa is byproduct obtained by burning of fibers, shells and empty fruit bunches as fuel in palm oil mill boilers. Pof a has the potential to be used as recycle materials due to their pozzolanic behaviour. Study on the behaviour of high strength palm oil fuel ash.
Since malaysia is second largest producer in palm oil industry, the wastage of the palm oil can be used to replace in small amount of cement. Utilization of palm oil fuel ash as binder in lightweight oil. Palm oil has an especially high concentration of saturated fat, specifically the 16carbon saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid, to which it gives its name. Oil palm shells were packed in gunny as shown in figure 1 before brought to the laboratory for concrete preparation work. Palm oil fuel ash pofa is a biomass produced from palm oil industries. The present state of the use of palm oil fuel ash pofa.
However, it also driving towards increasing of waste such as empty fruit bunch, mesocarp fibre, palm oil mill effluent pome, and palm oil fly ash pofa. Endoflife materials used as supplementary cementitious. Characteristics of treated palm oil fuel ash and its effects. Resistance to chloride penetration of blended portland. Hospital visit from the carol burnett show full sketch duration. Palm oil fuel ash and rice husk ash are two promising pozzolans and are available in many parts of the world.
Pofa is known to contain a high amount of silica and has been proven by xrf spectroscopy, in which the silicon dioxide content is 72. The binary effect of pulverized fuel ash pfa and palm oil fuel ash pofa on heat of hydration of aerated concrete was studied. In this respect, the use of palm oil fuel ash pofa as a wellknown agricultural waste deserves a special attention. The utilization of palm oil industrial waste materials known as palm oil fuel ash pofa and oil palm shell ops that are abundantly available in south east asia as binder and coarse aggregate in geopolymer concrete would give an added advantage in both the environmental and economic aspects. Learn more about the notice of data availability noda for renewable fuels produced from palm oil under the renewable fuel standard rfs2 program you may need a pdf reader to view some of the files on this page.
Portland cement type i was partially replaced by op, mp, and sp at the rates of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by weight of binder to cast concrete. Palm oil fuel ash pofa used was a byproduct obtained from burning of palm oil shell and husk at temperature of cfromakahangmill,kluangjohor,southern state of malaysia. Palm oil fuel ash as potential green microfiller in polymer. The findings of the study show that the use of pofa improves the. The increase in population leads to increase in construction of houses and other buildings to accommodate these people. Palm oil fuel ash pofa is a byproduct produced in palm oil mills. This ash has pozzolanic properties that not only enables the replacement of cement but also plays an important role in making strong and durable concrete. Binary effect of fly ash and palm oil fuel ash on heat of. Palm oil fuel ash pofa is byproduct obtained by burning of fibers, shells and empty fruit bunches as fuel in palm oil mill boilers.
The feasibility of using palm oil fuel ash pofa as a precursor for alkali activation reactions, in combination with glass fibers as a discrete reinforcement, has been investigated. Characteristics of treated palm oil fuel ash and its. In malaysia the total solid waste generated by this industry in about two hundred palm oil mills has been estimated at about ten million tons a year. Palm oil industry is one of the most important agro industries in. This ash has pozzolanic properties that not only enables the replacement of cement but also plays an important role in making strong and. Both materials were transported from the mill to the laboratory using a four wheel drive transport. Effect of palm oil fuel ash in controlling heat of hydration. Characterization of ash made from oil palm empty fruit. Effect of oil palm fiber fuel ash on compressive strength of hardening concrete danupon tonnayopas1 fukit nilrat 2 kanung putto2 and jakathep tantiwitayawanich 1 recycling materials research team, faculty of engineering, prince of songkla university, hat yai, songkhla 90112 phone 074212897, fax. In this investigation, three ashes were collected from different palm oil mills around malaysia and namely capofa, alpofa and ktpofa. Many researchers have studied the use of agrowaste ashes as constituents in concrete. Palm oil as a fuel for agricultural diesel engines.
This study has found, heavy oil fly ash has the potential to be reutilized as a black pigment or admixture for secondary cementious material. The resulting ultrafine palm oil fuel ash was then utilized to produce high strength concrete by replacing the. The replacement of cement with palm oil fuel ash pofa is the key element of this research. This material uses palm fiber, shells, and empty fruit bunches as a fuel and is burnt at 800 c chindaprasirt et al. Both solid wastes oil palm shell ops and palm oil fuel ash pofa were supplied by nearby palm oil mills in the state of pahang, east coast malaysia. Effect of palm oil fuel ash pofa on strength properties of. These problems can be reduced to a large extent by using pofa in concrete.
In 1508 already reference has been made to palm groves in liberia, and to palm oil trade near the forcados river in nigeria. Find here palm oil suppliers, manufacturers, wholesalers, traders with palm oil prices for buying. The partial replacement of cement by palm oil fuel ash is advantages particularly for mass concrete where thermal cracking is the main concern. Pofa is by product from power electricity generation plants that used palm oil shells and. Paper open access effect of unground palm oil fuel ash.
The primary motivation for this study was to investigate the innovative reuse of a locally available byproduct to eliminate traditional binders from deep mixing projects. Effect of palm oil fuel ash pofa on the durability of. Performance of lightweight concrete contain palm oil fuel. For every 100 t of fresh fruit bunches handled, there will be about 20 t of nut shells, 7 t of. Collected pofa was dried and then sieved through a 300.
The original size pofa termed op was ground until the median particle sizes were 15. Compressive strengths were measured to assess the viability of. International journal of environmental sciences volume 3 no. Research article utilization of palm oil fuel ash as binder.
Research article utilization of palm oil fuel ash as binder in lightweight oil palm shell geopolymer concrete michaelyongjingliu,choonpengchua,u. The physical and chemical properties of heavy oil fly ash generated from a power plant were investigated. Palm oil fuel ash is a waste material generated in power plants as a result of the combustion of palm oil industry waste for the generation of electricity. Lab scale production of ultrafine sized palm oil fuel ash pofa lab scale production of ultrafine sized palm oil fuel ash pofa. Palm oil fuel ash pofa, a byproduct from the palm oil industry, is disposed of as waste in landfills. Palm oil, like all fats, is composed of fatty acids, esterified with glycerol. Pofa being selected to determine its suitability to produce scc due to this ash has pozzolanic properties and similar characteristics to other cement replacement materials that are usually being used in producing scc. Palm oil fuel ashsoft soil geopolymer for subgrade. Issn 15976343 characterization of a treated palm oil fuel ash characterization of a treated palm oil fuel ash 1hassan usman jamo, 2abdu s. Mechanical engineering, associate professor, department of mechanical engineering, faculty of engineering, prince of songkla university, hat yai, songkla 90112, thailand. The characteristics of the palm oil fuel ash before and after treatment were monitored to assess the changes in the properties of the palm oil fuel ash. What happens if i use ci4 oil in my 07 certified engines. Feasibility study report palm oil mill effluent pome.
These agrowaste ashes contained an amount of silica which could be used as a pozzolanic material. The burning process results in an ash, which is referred to as palm oil fuel ash pofa. Fig, 1 and 2 illustrated the dumping area of palm oil clinker and palm oil fuel ash respectively. Mechanical properties of engineered cementitious composite. These problems can be reduced to large extent by using pofa in concrete. Unrefined palm oil is a significant source of tocotrienol, part of the vitamin e family. Exploratory study of palm oil fuel ash as partial cement. Utilization of palm oil fuel ash in concrete construction essay. Pdf palm oil fuel ash as a cement replacement in concrete. Review on the various ash from palm oil waste as geopolymer material 41 fig.